How Important Is Content Marketing - 950 Words

How important is content marketing? Maybe you should have asked Bill Gates almost 20 years ago. He wrote an article titled Content Is King in 1996. Maybe this is where the phrase was coined. He predicted that content would be where most of the money on the internet would be made. It’s most intrinsic value was that it could be spread globally at little cost. Now I don’t know about you, but I see Bill Gates as a hugely successful man. And it’s one reason why we should heed his vision on the value of content marketing. I mean, we have seen the surge that Mr. Gates predicted. But are you making full use of your content marketing strategy? It’s not just about blog posts anymore. Content marketing also involves including SEO into your†¦show more content†¦An online dining dictionary was created where food definitions included fun facts, taste attributes and associated flavors. www.urbanspoon.com/food-dictionary This helped immensely because some of the new restaurants they were encouraging visitors to try had food items that were unfamiliar. Getting readers more familiar with more exotic items really helped to engage them and get them excited to try new restaurants. Smaller business can also find help with their content at freelancer sites such as Guru and Upwork, formerly Odesk. Get Really, Really Creative Content Creative content marketing creates a lot of buzz. FINIS, a line of swimming gear known for it’s innovation chose to use their most loyal fans as brand ambassadors and use their social media content for their marketing strategy. Using ReadyPulse they were able to identify their top 1% influencers. After running an â€Å"Introduce Yourself† campaign, they were able to collect 1,511 pieces of content. This content generated a great deal of buzz reaching 2.2 million people which engaged 38,458 consumers. The content was then displayed on their website alongside â€Å"Buy Now† buttons. When analytics revealed that 16% of their website visitors were clicking the social content, FINIS realized that this form of on-demand social proof was just what they needed. The strategy yielded impressive results. Analytics showed that 16% of visitors were clicking on the content. They also

Ece Governance Of The Early Childhood Education Governance

ECE Governance Out of the all these years the Early Childhood Education Governance is been help people to look forward to a great future with different policies for child care and education. It is usually that the governance work with every decision about the people rights. Since the governance has been work toward the help people to live better. In the paper I will briefly summarize and give examples of the three phrases of ECE governance, evaluate the three versions of administrative integrations from the perspective of my own philosophy of education believed from moving toward shared responsibility and accountability and explain each version aligns with my philosophy and prior experience with the versions including identify and describe which of the five issues in the greatest challenge to building authority and accountability into governance entities in early education and care settings. First, since the reading of the three phase of ECE governance is the make life better for children. â€Å"In early care and education, the framing of and work around governance have been evolutionary enterprises. (Feeney 16) The Phase I: The programmatic approach for individual program standards to improve and building the skills and knowledge of parenting that help the parent become participation and engaging in their children and families. It is consistency with children learns at home and early childhood education environment and the parents improved social support and informalShow MoreRelatedOpen Polytechnic Of New Zealand Trimester 1 Essay5293 Words   |  22 PagesOn: 23 June, 2015 Submitted To: Indu Peiris Q1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY New Zealand entertains a wide variety of early childhood education and care services. The choices are: kindergartens, home-based care groups, play centers, Te Kohanga Reo, playgroups, pacific island early childhood groups. Best start is the largest private organization that provides quality early childhood care and education nationwide. This report is designed to critically evaluate the management strategies of the organization overRead MoreMulticultural Approach Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesMulticultural Approach Doris McMillan ECE 405: Children Families in a Diverse Society August 29, 2010 Definitions of multicultural education vary. Some place emphasizes on the cultural characteristics of diverse groups, some emphasize social problems such as those associated with oppression, some place emphasize on political power, while others on the reallocation of economic resources. Some restrict their focus to people of color, while others include all major groups that are different

Origins of American Culture free essay sample

American culture Includes both liberal and conservative elements, scientific and religiousness competitiveness, and he ability to take risks and freely express yourself. It has a variety of expressions due to its demographic diversity. The historically diverse background of American culture makes our nation so unique. The origins of America date back to 1492 when Christopher Columbus made the discovery of America Most often, the culture In America Is directly affiliated with ones social class and political orientation.The origin of American culture is the birth of American literature. American culture truly starts to form at the time when American literature is produced. All throughout American history, literature has played an important role in the shaping of the nations culture and ideology. The culture of America is influenced by the literature we create. The ideology and messages that we receive from literature Inspires us to take action In cultural events. American literature was born when Englishmen began to write about their experiences In the trans-Atlantic colonies. In the beginning, It took the form of descriptions of the new land and its inhabitants and accounts of the hardships met with by the settlers. Also many narratives we made of their relations with the Indians. By their account oaf new setting, America started to create a fresh branch of literature. Some of the earliest writings were from colonist Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine. Franklins Poor Richards Almanac and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin are respected works with their wit and Influence toward the formation of an American identity.Pains pamphlet common sense and The American Crisis writings are seen as playing a key role in influencing the political tone of the period. At the times of these writings, the people focus was more on the power of the mind and rational thought. The enormous scientific, economic, and social changes of the 18th century, called the Enlightenment, made way for democratic principles. The Increase in population helped account for the greater diversity of opinion In religious and political life as seen In the literature of this time. In the post-war period, Thomas Jefferson was one of the most talented early American writers. His influence on the United States Constitution with the Declaration of Independence is unquestionable, being one of the most important documents ever written. This piece of document is undoubtedly the rebirth of a new, free culture In America that Is able to excel. It announced that the thirteen American loonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as Independent states, birth to what is known today as the United States of America. The document is symbolic of American democracy and one of the free charters of freedom.This piece of literature is directly related to the origins of the culture in America as it completely reshapes and redefines contemporary life. The Declaration of Independence gave birth to many other freedoms in the United States of America that may never have even been intended. One of the more immediate effects felt by the Declaration of Independence was the emancipation of black slaves. African Americans were now allowed to participate in the same interests and professions as anyone else. This document also paves the way by creating the Bill of Rights, and also creating equality among men and women.Thomas Jefferson is famous for his quote: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness This has been called one the best known sentences in the English language containing some of the most consequential words in American story. Imagine a society today where we are not allowed the simple luxuries of freedom, and the cultural limitations that would be set on us if not for this piece of literature.The Declaration of Independence is a direct example of how literature is the origin of our culture and society. The American literary revolution was strictly for expressing the feelings and ideals of a brave people that were tired of confinement within the ideals of society. The authors that would be born out of the revolution would portray the hearts of the citizens; the popularity of literature grew because the usage of it was for every man and the impact it had on society was greater than ever before. The political and social ideals of the day sprang not from a political leader, but from the writings that represented the internal value system of the people. Through the masterful works of many American authors, the way people believed, thought, and felt was changed. From the politics of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne to the sentimental power of Uncle Toms Cabin, the message of freedom to think and feel the way one desired screamed off every page. One man that had a dramatic affect on society was Edgar Alan Poe.The poetry of Poe inspired people to think more intellectually about their lives and their external circumstances. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career. Another well-known American author that really shaped peoples thinking on society and culture is Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau Walden Pond is a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay Civil Disobedience, is an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.Walden scribes a voyage of spiritual discovery where Thoreau lives in a cabin he built near Walden Pond and the experiences he gets by removing himself from society and immersing himself in nature. He hoped to gain a more objective understanding of society through personal introspection. This documented experience shows the true meaning of culture and society as Thoreau wanted to strip life to its core, away from the lies and gossip of society. The average person had to constantly labor to afford all their things, meanwhile neglecting natures beauty and the gentle work of the soul, which solitude brings.The United States and other Western countries at the time meaning. Walden, and the writings of Emerson that influenced it, is extremely attractive to those seeking somethin g more to society. Many of the thoughts and ideas in it have entered public consciousness, and it has still been an inspiration to this day. Thoreau takes you out of the status quo of society and culture and makes you question the essentials in life. On a personal note, I am from Boston, being one of the birthplaces of colonial literature and society.I have visited Plymouth Rock and all the historical landmarks around Boston giving me insight to where the birth of America occurred. I learned about the events such as the Boston Tea Party, which was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty against the Tax policy of the British government. A group of colonists boarded the ship and threw all the tea into the ocean as they started an aggressive movement against the Tea Act. The British Parliament essentially composed a piece of literature that said the colonists in Boston were to be taxed on tea. This piece of literature affected society in a way that made it rebellious. The Boston Tea Party proved to be one of the many causes that led to the American Revolution. At the very least, the Boston Tea Party and the reaction that followed served to rally support for revolutionaries in the thirteen colonies who were eventually successful in their fight for independence. All in all, this entire event would not have occurred if there werent a piece a literature being written down or enforced.One of the most influential poets on society in the 19th century was Walt Whitman. He was known for including controversial scenes of sexuality in his poems such as Leaves of Grass. Whitman was uncompromising in his own values in his poetry. He tackled difficult intellectual subjects with remarkable honesty creating a sickness about him. He was doing this in a time where such things were considered wrong and immoral. His poetry presented an equal view of the races, and inspired many people in society.His poetry has been set to music by a large number of composers showing that his literature affects society. People all around the world view his poems as they take their own personal meanings and apply it to their culture. Whitman suggested directly that though society can influence us to hold certain values, all of us could choose to actively participate in culture and work to create new norms and new systems. This inspired change, that inspired people all across the world to view certain society in a different perspective. Literature is a reflection of the society in which it was born and different styles of literature reflect the changes that took place in that particular society at various points in time. Political and economic changes affect the psychology of the people and literature is influenced by these changes. During the Middle Ages, most of the literature usually dealt with religious themes. As time progressed, the literature of the Renaissance reflected more on society, politics, and local topics. Poetry then became extremely popular in the Romantic period showing the change of literature influencing society.The origins of America all starts with the effects that literature puts into our culture. Consequently, culture affects literature because all writers, some more intentionally than others, write from the perspective of their culture. When people read literature they read it from the point of view of their culture as well so there is always different cultural points of view in literature. American culture throughout time was expanding and adapting. In the other hand, the dehumidifying agents of warfare on a large or hope and cultural inspiration.All in all, literature is the foundation of American culture that inspires us to generate change and to take action. As a society, if we are stripped away from the origins of literature that created America, we are being stripped of the knowledge that literature creates culture. There have been many cultural acts or events that have been directly influenced by a piece of literature. One in particular that we looked at in depth was the Declaration of Independence. Single handedly, this one document started a new American culture, one that was free from the tyranny of the British Empire.

The Power of Advertisement. Essays - Advertising, Marketing

The Power of Advertisement For the past couple of decades, advertisement has had a big impact in society, warping people?s minds, and brain washing them to buy the products that are advertised. Some advertisement companies go as far as promoting sexual conduct and behaviors in their ads just to attract people to come and by their products. In the passage The Language of Advertisement, Author Charles A. O?Neil talks about the negative and subliminal messages that major corporations put on their ads. Charles O?Neil also talks about ads targeting particular groups of people. Charles O?Neil quotes ?Advertisements no matter how carefully engineered cannot succeed unless they capture our attention? (116). What Charles O?Neil is saying, is that in order for advertisement companies to attract the people to their products, they would use images that usually would depict sexual language or intimacy between a man and a woman. Although sex is what sells the most in advertisements today, major corporations can use just about anything to attract consumers, as long as their advertisements consist of ads that causes consumers to actually picture themselves in the ad, or if they can make the ad tempting enough. In The Language of Advertising passage, Charles O?Neil displays a Captain Morgan spiced rum ad. When you look at the Captain Morgan ad the first thing you notice is one guy dancing with three females in a club, and right beside them is Captain Morgan with the spiced rum in his hand. The second most crucial point in this ad is that the guy dancing with the three women has the same mustache as Captain Morgan. The reason why the young guy has the same mustache as Captain Morgan is because, the message that this company is trying to send is that if you purchase and drink Captain Morgan?s spiced rum, you can become just like Captain Morgan and get all the ladies. In this situation this ad is targeting men. One of the ads I chose to be compared to one of Charles O?Neil?s ad on Captain Morgan is a Skyy Vodka ad. In this Skyy Vodka ad there is a man in a suit and tie that is standing over a nude woman that is lying on her back on the beach. In this man?s right hand he has a bottle of Skyy Vodka, and in the other hand he has to champagne glasses. This ad has practically illustrated that they target all men, whether they are blue collard or white collard workers. According to Charles O?Neil ?In reality, advertising mirrors the fears, quirks, and aspirations of the society that creates it and is, in turn sold by it? (122). What Charles O?Neil is saying is that many times ads would depict an image out of the norm. What you desire or it can also be an ad depicting an image of something you can picture yourself doing, but is kind of insecure about doing it. An example of that would be an advertisement of a female smoking a Cuban cigar. For a company to advertise like that shows that they are very bold and clever, and can start attracting women to that type of product. In Charles O?Neil?s passage The Language of Advertising he has another ad he displays. This time it is a Box of Kool cigarettes. In this ad the box of Kool cigarettes was created to look like a DJ set with turn tables, and speakers. Also printed along the right side of the ad has the written words ?The House of Menthols?. What appears to be the target in this passage is the youth. T he ad is saying that smoking a Kool Cigarette is like throwing a party, or that the party don?t start until you smoke a Kool cigarette. The ad I chose to compare with Charles? O?Neil?s Kool cigarette ad is an ad on Camel cigarettes. In this ad they are using Santa Claus, who just happens to be a child hood figure, to promote smoking. What appears to be in Santa?s hand is no ordinary present; in fact it is a giant gift rapped box of Camel cigarettes. Also on the left hand side of Santa is the statement ?there

Introducing Social Essay

Introducing Social Essay Introducing Social Essay Introducing†¦.Social Development: EARLY RELATIONSHIPS Attachment = ‘a long enduring, emotionally meaningful tie to a particular individual’ Monotropy = infants have an innate need to attach to one figure. Privation = never having had a secure and loving relationship with an attachment figure. Deprivation=having a secure relationship with an attachment figure and then losing it. 1) What do you think is the role of caregiver-infant interactions in the development of attachment? 2) What kind of studies do you think psychologists would do on humans to investigate attachment? 3) What kinds of studies do you think psychologists would do on animals to investigate attachment? 4) Criticize animal studies. 5) What do you think is the function of attachment? 6) If a child was securely attached to his/her mother, if the mother left the room what do the think the child would do? 7) If the mother returned what do you think a securely attached child would do? 8) How would a securely attached child act with a stranger? 9)What do you think the short term and long-term consequences of privation are? 10)What do you think the short-term and long-term consequences of deprivation are? Social Development: later relationships intro What do you think ‘friendship’ means? How do you think your ideas of friendship have changed as you have grown up? What sex differences do you think there are in children’s friendships? How many best friends do you have? How many best friends have you had in the past? How long have you been friends with your closest same-sex friend? Do you hold hands with your friends? Do you write

Anatomy review Essay Example

Anatomy review Essay Example Anatomy review Paper Anatomy review Paper Chapter 8 Test Review Multiple Choice . Which is not a part of the axial skeleton? A. rib vertebral column B. mandible C. clavicle D. Which is not a part of the appendicular skeleton? 2. coxal bones A. parietal bones radius The axial skeleton consists of: 3. 60 bones. 68 bones. 74 bones. 80 bones. The appendicular skeleton consists of: 4. 102 bones. 118 bones. 126 bones. 137 bones. The term sinus, as it relates to bone markings, may be defined as a: A. 5. or projection. raised area 6. 7. cavity within a bone. tubelike opening or channel. groove or elongated depression. Which bone is a part of the axial skeleton? Which bone is a part of the appendicular skeleton? scapula 8. 9. parietal Which suture is between the occipital and parietal bones? A. squamous lambdoidal sagittal D. coronal Mastoiditis is the inflammation of a sinus within the frontal sphenoid temporal 10. Which skull bone articulates with the first vertebra? A. temporal B. occipital C. sphenoid D. ethmoid bone(s). A. maxillae 1 1 . The upper parts of the nasal septum and the side walls of the nasal cavity are formed by the bone(s). A. nasal B. sphenoid C. ethmoid D. maxillae 12. Which of the following is a true statement? A. The ethmoid is a flat bone that lies anterior to the sphenoid. B. The ethmoid is an irregular bone that lies posterior to the sphenoid, but anterior to the nasal bones. C. The ethmoid is an irregular bone that lies anterior to the sphenoid, but posterior to the nasal bones. D. The ethmoid is a short bone that lies anterior to the nasal bones. 13. Which of the following bones does not articulate with the maxillae? A. palatine B. mandible C. inferior concha D. zygomatic 14. If the cribriform plate is damaged, there is a chance of: A. passing from the ear to the brain. B. food passing from the mouth into the nose. C. difficulty chewing. D. infectious materials passing from the nose to the brain. infectious materials bone in the skull. unossified area in the infants skull. articulation between two skull bones. small opening. 16. The upper part of the sternum is called the: A. costal cartilage. B. xiphoid process. C. body. D. manubrium. 17. The skeletal framework of the neck consists of: A. lumbar vertebrae. B. thoracic vertebrae. C. sacral vertebrae. D. cervical vertebrae. 18. The number of thoracic vertebrae is: c. 10. D. 12. 19. All vertebrae, except the sacrum and coccyx, have a central opening called the: A. inous process. B. vertebral foramen. C. dens. D. transverse process. 20. The thoracic cage (the thorax) includes all of the following bones except: A. the scapula. 21. 12 pairs of ribs. the vertebral column. the sternum. The laymans name for the clavicle is the: collar bone. kneecap. shinbone. elbow. 22. The trochlea and capitulum can be described as: B. parts of the proximal end of the ulna. C. distal portions of the humerus. D. metacarpal bones. 23. The human hand has greater dexterity than the forepaw of any animal because of the freely movable Joint of the: A. elbow. B. shoulder. C. wrist. D. thumb. 24. The ulna articulates proximally with the: A. carpal bones. B. humerus. C. scapula. D. none of the above. 25. Metacarpal bones form the framework of the: A. wrist. B. hand. C. ankle. D. foot. 26. The pisiform bone can be found in the: B. ankle. C. neck. D. skull. 27. The structure above the pelvic inlet, which is bordered by muscle in the front and bone along the sides and back, is called the: A. pelvic brim. B. false pelvis. C. pelvic girdle. D. true pelvis. 28. The anterior of the pelvic girdle is formed by the: A. sacrum. B. ilium. C. ischium. D. pubis. 29. During childbirth, a baby passes through an imaginary plane called the: A. elvic outlet. B. symphysis pubis. C. pelvic brim. 30. The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the: 31. tibia. fibula. coxal. femur. A person with a fractured patella would expect discomfort in the: A. elbow. knee. head. ankle. 32. Which of the following is not a tarsal bone? A. cuneiform B. navicular C. scaphoid D. talus 33. Which of the following is not true? A. The pubic arch in the male is less than a 90-degree angle. B. The female facial area is more pronounced than that of the male. C. The iliac crest is more flared in the female than in the male. D. The male pelvic cavity is more narrow that that of the emale. 34. A hunchback appearance of the thoracic region is probably due to: A. lordosis. B. scoliosis. C. kyphosis. D. slipped disks. 35. Lateral curvature of the spine is called: A. scoliosis. B. lordosis. D. convexity. 36. All of the following are clinical signs and symptoms of a fracture except: A. soft tissue edema. B. realignment of the bone. C. false motion. D. pain. 37. Which of the following bones is not a part of the face? B. zygomatic C. lacrimal D. maxilla 38. Which of the following bones do not contain paranasal sinuses? A. frontal B. maxilla C. zygomatic D. sphenoid 39. The occipital bone forms which number of Joints with other bones? A. 1 40. The largest of the paranasal sinuses is found in this bone. A. sphenoid D. frontal 41. Another name for the zygomatic bone is the: A. malar. B. sphenoid. C. ethmoid. D. sesamoid. 42. Going from superior to inferior, the sequence of the vertebral column is: A. sacral, coccyx, thoracic, lumbar, and cervical. B. coccyx, sacral lumbar, thoracic, and cervical. C. cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral, and coccyx. D. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx. 43. The structure that furnishes the axis for the rotation of the head from side to ide is the: A. dens. B. spinous process. C. vertebral foramen. 44. Going from proximal to distal, the bones of the upper extremity would be: A. metacarpals, carpals, ulna, and humerus. B. carpals, metacarpals, ulna, and humerus. C. humerus, radius, metacarpals, and carpals. D. humerus, radius, carpals, and metacarpals. femur, tibia, carpals, and metacarpals. B. metacarpals, tarsals, femur, and tibia. C. femur, tibia, tarsals, and metatarsals. D. tarsals, metatarsals, femur, and tibia. Matching Match the bones with their locations. ethmoid hyoid E. axillae F. occipital palatine G. H. . temporal K. ygomatic 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. neck bone keystone of face keystone of cranium upper Jaw cheek bone lower Jaw forehead contains middle and inner ear structures lower, posterior skull bone bat-shaped skull bone posterior of hard palate femur fibula humerus coxal E. radius . ribs ste rnum . tibia ulna vertebrae 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. olecranon fossa acetabulum lateral malleolus semilunar notch greater sciatic notch xiphoid process transverse process linea aspera medial malleolus atlas 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. bturator foramen radial tuberosity reater trochanter acromion process pedicle Match the terms with the correct statement or definition. body false ribs floating ribs manubrium E. true rib . xiphoid process costal cartilage 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum eleventh and twelfth ribs, which have no attachment to the sternum middle part of the sternum most superior part of the sternum the blunt, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum the five pairs of ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum the material that attaches the rib, directly or indirectly, to the sternum

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critique - Essay Example In this qualitative study, titled - Using a strategy of â€Å"structured conversation† to enhance quality of tutorial time the author Stephanie Robinson has proposed a specific approach referred to as â€Å"structured conversation† as an effective tool for improving the quality of tutorial time with regard to students with ASD. The article was published in the Journal of Further and Higher Education (Vol. 32, No.1 February 2008). It is an international peer-reviewed academic journal involved in publishing articles and book reviews concerning global issues related to the field of learning and education, especially those with learning disabilities (2009 [online]). The author is a lecturer and module leader for the PGCert.LTHE since 2003 and for the Brunel Associate Practitioner Pathway since. She is involved in various projects including providing further education particularly to students with learning difficulties and is focused on working with both the adolescents as well as adults with ASD. She has also been a part of a program dedicated to development and implementation of training for staff teaching children or adults with autism or Aspergers Syndrome (2009 [online]). Her credentials and extensive knowledge in the field of education (and particularly with regard to students with learning disabilities) establishes her as a worthy and suitable authority within the sphere of research concerning special education. In this article the author Stephanie Robinson, attempts to examine the â€Å"The impact of a technique of structured conversation to enhance a student-centered approach to tutorial time for students with autistic spectrum disorder† (2008., Pp.59) and suggests that the development of such an approach can offer enhanced learning support in the current challenge of widening diversity in the learner population. The purpose of the article was aptly

Religion and Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Religion and Science - Essay Example There are have arisen conflicts between the two with one looking at the other to be in the wrong side of belief. To this extent, science identifies itself as the fundamental principle of life while religion also considers the fact of being the fundamental principle of life, which follows by the criticisms of each other that have seen a brewing conflict ensue. In his principles, he also sees science and religion as two worlds that run apart. It is evident by the dominant spheres, which each aims at dominating. Science aims for the physical world while religion aims at the spiritual life. There are issues believed in that science, religion can dialogue and reach a consensus, and discuss at their general points the boundaries established in each. These are all due to their independence and unending conflicts. Explaining the debate on the origin of the earth where science believes to some extent that it might originate as God’s creation while religion supports the origin of it from God. The creations in the world are what create the difference and lead to conflicting. The integration aspect expects that science and religion can reach a general point since they depend on each other. The two aspects of dialogue and integration reflect more on the relationship that science shares with religion. That science provides data and other aspects of helping religion enrich its target population and religion too helps science control conditions and creates a basis for reference. Religion and science are dominantly different and though there are conditions that are putting them together; they have not yet succeeded in exploring the differences between the two. In the past, natural sciences vastly invested into religious meanings that led to many antireligious results that held no religious significance. A difference has existed that has held over time. This difference has seen a shift in boundaries with time. A nineteenth century

Espresso Essay Example for Free

Espresso Essay Coffee had been a part of the life of many people. From pure coffee to coffee blends, it has reached its way to the hearts of coffee lovers. According to the article of the International Coffee Organization entitled â€Å"The Coffee Story†, coffee begins with a goatherd named Kaldi. However, according to recent studies coffee was born on the plateaus of Central Ethiopia and brought for development to Yemen. In Cairo and Mecca, the beginning of coffee houses was first established. Since then, coffee became fervor rather than just refreshment. Many coffee brewing methods are developed to enjoy the real magic taste of coffee. These methods are: the use of percolator, auto-drip, French press, Moka Italian stove top and espresso. Among these methods, the espresso is the most popular and widely used method by many of the coffee brewers and coffee houses in the world. Espresso or cafe espresso is a variation of product of coffee. The term â€Å"espresso† came from the word â€Å"for express† which means that it is immediately served or made for customers. It is a concentrated coffee beverage that is brewed under very hot water using a coffee that is between tremendously fine and powder. In the early 20th century, it is developed in Milan, Italy which uses steam pressure up until the 1940’s. Spring piston lever machine is one of the inventions that made espresso a better one. According to â€Å"Espresso Coffee† of the Coffee Research Organization, espresso can attain its true and perfect taste through the perfect combination of four factors: the correct grinding of a coffee blend (Macinazione), the coffee blend or Miscela, the espresso machine (Macchina), and the skilled hand of the barista (Mano). With the proper combination of these factors, the best espresso may attain which is described as extraordinarily sweet with the real aroma of fresh ground coffee. A good coffee blend is one of the main priorities of various espresso makers to attain its perfect taste. The difference of espresso to other brewing process is the formation of the crema. Crema is the layer of bubbles that trap the aromatic compounds produced over brewing. To enjoy the aromatic taste of coffee it is essential to have an outstanding preparation of espresso blend. Many countries all over the world contribute to the perfect combination of espresso. Among those countries are Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru and Panama. Coffees from these countries are used as base of coffees that gives the espresso its undeniably taste of sweetness. Certain countries like Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopian Harrar, and Zimbabwe also contributes to the variation of taste to add acidity, flavor, complexity and brightness. To add richness and body when blending, coffees from places of Asia like Java, Sumatra and New Guinea are considered. Roasting of coffee is definitely an important part of creating a well-tasted espresso. In this chemical process, the aroma, acids and other flavor components is being changed to enhance the acidity, flavor and aftertaste of the coffee. Minimizing the bitter taste and acidity of the coffee is the focus of many coffee-based manufacturing factories today. They replaced the sweetness lost in the process of roasting by alternatives like add up of milk or other flavors that will make an espresso based drink more delectable. This is the reason why espresso based drink is more popular that straight or solely espresso. Also in this process, it is important to observe the sweetness by minimizing the carmelization of sucrose but not overlooking the roasting which degrade the bitter taste of the coffee. A good espresso grinding can be attained through the use of an espresso burr grinder and to grind it per order. Conical burr grinder is the most advantageous burr coffee grinder that is widely-used due to its product. It produces an increase in the surface area of each particle and augments the richness of the flavor. In coffee grinding it is important to tamp or fill the espresso as fast as possible. Allotted time of activation of 15-20 seconds of the coffee grinder is required to maintain the freshly ground coffee to be used. An extraction time of 23-28 seconds is most possible to produce a ground size of a standard espresso coffee. In addition, humidity also takes part on the extraction time. The presence of moisture from the air can lengthen the extraction time. In espresso preparation, espresso tamping is frequently ignored. It is a process where a pellet of coffee is formed through the use espresso tamper and penetration of hot water uniformly. Proper espresso tamping is an important key to attain a great espresso. But aside from this, the use of a correct espresso tamper is an evident one. The correct espresso tamper should be made of aluminum or any equivalent light metal that have a diameter that will tightly fit the basket. Among the stores that have the proper product of espresso tampers is Vivace’s. They also put on the market different sizes of pistons. Recently, Vivace’s suggested the use a round bottom coffee tamper rather than the conventional traditional coffee tamping machines. The stability of temperature of the water inside the espresso machine is a relevant factor in attaining a good espresso coffee. Today, almost all of the commercial espresso machines have a proper temperature stability set-up. Use of an espresso with a large boiler tanks for brewing and steaming is an answer to the temperature stability area. However, many espresso makers believe temperature stabilizing can be practiced. Temperature stabilizing means that water inside the espresso machine is maintained at a constant temperature. Overheated water or too much water inside the boiler is the point of adjustment an espresso tamping machine should gauge. Regular running water is the key to maintain the proper temperature stability. With this temperature stability, excellent product of brew of an espresso could be achieved. Crema’s intensification in an espresso is brought about by the water pressure which is between 9 and 10 atm. Boiler pressure gauge on the other hand is the one responsible for checking the amount of water that should be integrated to the steam. Without the presence of this espresso pressure gauge, it will be impossible to attain the aromatic and well sweetness of crema. Aside from this pressure gauge, other parts of the espresso machine play a vital role in forming a well taste coffee espresso. These parts are the portafilter, steam wand, keypad, tray, and sight glass. The portafilter which is made up of metal is the overall assembly of the spouts, handle and basket. The responsible for the ejection of milk froth lies on the capacity of the steam wand. The water content that is forced through the steam is observed in the boiler sight glass. Maintaining the cleanliness of the coffee machine is a great task any espresso maker is emphasizing but is forgetting in the process of making. It is equivalently important as the other factors in espresso making like blending and grinding. Assuring that the machine is well cleaned will probably increase the quantity of espresso based drinks customers. This will also make the machine more efficient in terms of product proficiency. Moreover, the burr blades of the espresso grinder should be regularly cleaned. Yearly replacement of the burrs must be observed to assured the quality of the coffee granules that will be produced. Another factor to be considered in serving an espresso is its espresso cup. It must be pre-heated using other source aside from the espresso machine itself. If the cup is not pre-heated then the temperature of the water will be lowered thus uneven extraction of espresso might takes place. A magic hand of the barista and the passionate love in making espresso are the ones that make a good espresso coffee. The barista is the one that operates with the espresso coffee machine. It is considered as the most fundamental factor in espresso coffee making. A good barista should possess both passion and logical scientific character. If the barista loves doing the work or the job then he will probably make sure that he makes one of the best espresso coffees. In Italy and other parts of Europe, barista is considered as a profession. It is often associated with the skills and knowledge that were passed through ages. In contrast with what is the tradition in European countries, American based barista is just an employment for young people and not really a career position. The proper stiffness of the grind, exact roasting to attain the extraordinary sweetness, correct water temperature and pressure, appropriate tamping and favorable environmental factors like humidity are perfect combination of a good espresso coffee. If the barista recognized and possess all of these then a well-done espresso will be attain. With all the proper blending, roasting, grinding, quantifying and tamping the coffee, it will be more effectively extracted to attain a great espresso. Nonetheless, espresso making thus not end there. The barista is still the core of making a good and well-done espresso coffee. It is up to the barista to have a good combination of the ingredients and proper methods. However, there is still no perfect espresso. A well-done espresso making is a passion and not just a work to be able to earn money. It is for the love of coffee that man will experience to taste the perfect espresso.

Military Essay -- essays research papers fc

Military Organizational Structure The Toad Military Organizational Structure Organization involves a intentional formalized structure of roles. People working together towards a common goal, but in specialized areas. The overall effectiveness of any particular association is directly proportional to the functioning of its members. As a firm increases in size the participants lose sight of the concept of teamwork. To maintain the competitive edge a corporation must remain flexible. To this end, varying styles of organizational structure have been implemented. Much of this framework is determined by the business type, goals to be achieved, and even the sociological level of advancement. Our armed forces today reflect this philosophy. Traditionally the military has used a rigid organizational structure. A well defined chain of command is used to delegate responsibilities, even to this day. Divisionalization structure was a common style to maintain a self-contained support and service center. As pointed out by Dessler, t his style requires more managers with general management abilities (401). Most subordinate's job is to follow instructions from the higher level (Adams 102). This behavior has been reinforced by a high level of discipline, required for battlefield operations. As technology has redefined combat operations, so has the organizational and management style changed. The military organization today is based upon a geographic departmentalization structure. A specific s...

Liberty Bell

Sound of the Freedom- The Liberty Bell Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Meaning can be found even in the most mundane of objects. For instance, consider the USA First Class stamp. On its upper left corner, the number 2008 shows that this stamp was produced in year 2008. The right side of the stamp says â€Å"USA FIRST-CLASSS FOREVER†, meaning that this postage stamp is valid for First-Class postage in the United States no matter when it is used.There is an extraordinary metal bell is in the middle of the stamp – the Liberty Bell, a venerable historic relic that I am going to analyze in the rest of this research paper. The bell was first known by the world as a metal musical instrument in ancient China. Tuned bells in that age were created and played to be performed only for imperial families and noblemen, as a symbol of power and status. Later on, bells became widely used in different religions. For example, bells played an importa nt role in the Eastern world of Buddhism and Hinduism as temple bells.In western world, bells were commonly used as church bells or town bells for gathering people together. In 1752, the Quaker William Penn, legislator and founder of the Pennsylvania colony in 1682, had decided and commissioned the bell to be cast in London, and brought to North America to hang in the State House of the colony of Pennsylvania. â€Å"They had ordered very precisely that these prophetic words from the Old Testament be cast on the bell: ‘Proclaim Liberty throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof. ’ † Obviously, the Liberty Bell represents the important value of liberty and freedom in Pennsylvania colony.Charlene Mires, the associate professor of history of Villanova University, thinks adults viewed the Liberty Bell as an object lesson – â€Å"a means for securing the nation’s future, children could experience it as enormous fun. But the lesson was not j ust the bell was more than an inanimate object. † There are many famous and great bells around the world: for instance, the Mingun Bell in north of Mandalay, Burma, the Largest ringing bell in the world; Tsar Kolokol III Bell, located in Moscow; the Big Ben in London and so on. Even though the Liberty Bell wasn’t the largest, eaviest, or most beautiful bell among these famous bells around the world, perhaps no other bell in the world has ever played a greater historic role than this cracked liberty bell. 2. The Liberty Bell as a symbol of the Declaration of Independence. The Liberty Bell is one of the most significant symbols throughout American history. Even through it is now one of the world’s great icons of freedom, the Liberty Bell wasn’t always so symbolic. At the beginning, the bell was only used to call the Pennsylvania assembly to meetings, just like a normal town bell.Many people think the story of the liberty bell started with it ringing to annou nce the Declaration of Independence on Fourth of July; however, the truth is, the bell did not ring until the eighth of July, the day when they called Philadelphians together for the first public reading of Declaration of Independence by Colonel John Nixon. The Declaration of Independence was an announcement that the thirteen American Colonies were at war with Great Britain as independent states and no longer a part of British Empire.The Declaration states, â€Å"When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. † I have found that there is much knowledge to be learned from the Declaration of Independence.It taught me think that all men are created equal, and all men have the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness that was given by God. The Declaration of Independence shows that American people have suffered too much from the British Empire, and the American people do not want slavery, but liberty. It is for that reason that they rang the Liberty Bell on July 4th 1776. Many people may have noticed that the huge crack on the Liberty Bell. Because of it, this two-thousand-pound mass of unstable metal nearly ended up being garbage.There are various storys about how the bell was cracked. For instance, an eighty-six-year-old man told the New-York Times in 1911 that he cracked the bell in 1835 – he would have been 10 years old at that time! Among the numerous versions of the tales of the cracking bell, the most reputable and famous account is that the bell cracked when Philadelphia’s city government rung the bell on Washington’s Birthday in 1843. Luckily, instead of being forg otten and abandoned by the world because the loss of its voice, the liberty bell gradually became a priceless and great national treasure. . Liberty Bell travels around the United States between 1885-1915. After the Liberty Bell was no longer used as working bell, especially in the years after the Civil War, it started its patriotic trips that involved itself in many obscure events in American history. It traveled by rail car around the United States, and was also placed on exhibit at numerous World’s Fairs. From 1885 to 1915, the Liberty Bell traveled by rail on seven separate trips to eight different World’s Fair exhibitions, visiting nearly 400 cities and towns on those trips from coast to coast.Here are some of the major cities and events that the Liberty Bell has traveled to. Year| Major Events and Places| 1885| To New Orleans for the World’s Industrial and Exposition. | 1893| To Chicago for the World/s Columbian Exposition. | 1895| To Atlanta for the Cotto n States and International Exposition. | 1902| To Charleston for the South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition| 1903| To Boston for the Bunker Hill Monument anniversary. | 1905| To St. Louis for the Louisiana Purchase International Exposition| 1915| To San Francisco for the Panama-Pacific Exposition. Are you wondering how large the influence of the Liberty Bell is? This was how New York Times reported the New-Orleans Exposition before Liberty Bell went to New-Orleans on December 17, 1884: â€Å"This has been a day of nerveless reaction after the great strain of opening day, there were but very few visitors to the grounds, not a thousand. † Everything was changed after the Liberty Bell came to the New-Orleans Exposition. January 26th, 1885, was a great day for the New-Orleans World’s Industrial and Cotton Exposition, and for New Orleans citizens.Because â€Å"extensive preparations had been made for the reception of the Liberty Bell from Philadelphia,† the New York Times proudly announced their venerable guest on Jan 27, 1885. Large numbers of citizens of New Orleans and Philadelphia met the Liberty Bell train at that point, surging forward to touch and kiss the bell. Salutes were fired, whistles blown, and flags were displayed on the exhibit with patriotic music. After the Liberty Bell was installed, it attracted visitors’ attention for nearly five months, achieving an iconic status.Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. On the last of its seven trips, the Liberty Bell was moved to the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, 1915, when the world had just been set afire by World War I. Nevertheless, the horrible World War I did not affect the enthusiasm of Californian people wanting to see the Liberty Bell.In fact, when the organizers of Panama-Pacific Internatio nal Exposition asked Philadelphia city officials to send the Liberty Bell to the Exposition, the city officials denied the request because they were afraid the big crack on the Bell would get larger during its travels and eventually the Bell would fall apart. However, the Philadelphians changed their mind after two hundred thousand Californian schoolchildren signed petitions begging Philadelphia to send the bell. A journalist in San Diego said that â€Å"there is not a single person in any state of the union who does not feel a personal interest in the bell. After the Panama-Pacific International Exposition ended at December 4th 1915, the exposition officials returned the bell and wrote, â€Å"You will be pleased to know that while the Liberty Bell was here in San Francisco, eight million people came to see it! † Even nowadays, several millions people visit the Independence Hall each year, pondering the meaning of the Liberty Bell. Figure 3 Route from home to San Francisco ( right end is Philadelphia, San Francisco at the left end)Even though some people think that other symbols such as the American flag, the Statue of Liberty, and the Uncle Sam draw more attention than Liberty Bell, the Liberty Bell still played a huge important role in the construction of American nationalism. During this travel to world’s fairs and exhibitions, â€Å"the Liberty Bell joined the array of American symbols that excited patriotic enthusiasm during this period in United States history, a time marked by regional reconciliation, high immigration, economic transition, and imperial expansion. â€Å"In its travels, the Liberty Bell did not lose its identity as a historic relic. Actually, the Liberty Bell became something more. † Instead of Philadelphians and other visitors going to Independence Hall in Philadelphia to experience the Liberty Bell, other Americans can also see the Bell at the center of lively hometown festivities. The trips of the Liberty Bell gav e wide public attention to each city and town where the liberty train stopped, so civilians were well prepared to welcome their historic guest.People brought their children from miles away to see the Liberty Bell, to hear its patriotic tunes, to reach out and touch it, and to stage ceremonies in the hopes that their children would long remember its national glory. Because of these travels, Americans beyond Philadelphia had a chance to enhance the relic’s reputation. Postage stamps are not just small pieces of paper. Their pictures are not chosen randomly, they are chosen to present certain thoughts or feelings that a nation wants to project to people. I believe there are reasons USPS (United States Postal Service) made this Forever Liberty Bell stamp. The Liberty Bell is an icon that resonates for freedom and independence for all of America, and those are exactly the qualities we want people to associate with the Forever stamp,† said Michael Plunkett, Acting Vice Presid ent of Pricing and Classification for the U. S. Postal Service. The Liberty Bell is definitely a national treasure, something that American people would be truly proud of and remember forever by the people and history. Who said nothing lasts forever? The Forever Liberty Bell stamp and the Liberty Bell do. Reference:Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148,155, PP151-152, P181. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. PP. 11, 12, 34-35 John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 Lyoyd de Vries , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Phil adelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 Figure 1: August 22, 2008, National Postal Museum http://arago. si. edu/index. asp? con=2&cmd=1&id=218791&img=1&pg=1 Figure 2: 1915. Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop04. htm Figure 3:1915, Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop03. htm ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. P. 11 [ 2 ].Gary B. Nash P. 11 [ 3 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P. 155 [ 4 ]. Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com [ 5 ]. John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com [ 6 ]. Charlene Mires P. 148 [ 7 ]. Harcourt, Brace( 1922), The Declaration o f Independence, Carl Lotus Becker press. P. 6 [ 8 ]. Thomas Jefferson(1776), United States Declaration of Independence. [ 9 ]. Gary B. Nash . PP 33-34 [ 10 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 11 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 12 ].New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Philadelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 [ 13 ]. The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2 [ 14 ]. John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 [ 15 ]. Gary B. Nash P. 12 [ 16 ]. John O’Brien P. 25 [ 17 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148. [ 18 ]. Charlene P. 181 [ 19 ]. Lyoyd de Vries, , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS Liberty Bell Sound of the Freedom- The Liberty Bell Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Figure 1 Liberty Bell Forever Stamp Meaning can be found even in the most mundane of objects. For instance, consider the USA First Class stamp. On its upper left corner, the number 2008 shows that this stamp was produced in year 2008. The right side of the stamp says â€Å"USA FIRST-CLASSS FOREVER†, meaning that this postage stamp is valid for First-Class postage in the United States no matter when it is used.There is an extraordinary metal bell is in the middle of the stamp – the Liberty Bell, a venerable historic relic that I am going to analyze in the rest of this research paper. The bell was first known by the world as a metal musical instrument in ancient China. Tuned bells in that age were created and played to be performed only for imperial families and noblemen, as a symbol of power and status. Later on, bells became widely used in different religions. For example, bells played an importa nt role in the Eastern world of Buddhism and Hinduism as temple bells.In western world, bells were commonly used as church bells or town bells for gathering people together. In 1752, the Quaker William Penn, legislator and founder of the Pennsylvania colony in 1682, had decided and commissioned the bell to be cast in London, and brought to North America to hang in the State House of the colony of Pennsylvania. â€Å"They had ordered very precisely that these prophetic words from the Old Testament be cast on the bell: ‘Proclaim Liberty throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof. ’ † Obviously, the Liberty Bell represents the important value of liberty and freedom in Pennsylvania colony.Charlene Mires, the associate professor of history of Villanova University, thinks adults viewed the Liberty Bell as an object lesson – â€Å"a means for securing the nation’s future, children could experience it as enormous fun. But the lesson was not j ust the bell was more than an inanimate object. † There are many famous and great bells around the world: for instance, the Mingun Bell in north of Mandalay, Burma, the Largest ringing bell in the world; Tsar Kolokol III Bell, located in Moscow; the Big Ben in London and so on. Even though the Liberty Bell wasn’t the largest, eaviest, or most beautiful bell among these famous bells around the world, perhaps no other bell in the world has ever played a greater historic role than this cracked liberty bell. 2. The Liberty Bell as a symbol of the Declaration of Independence. The Liberty Bell is one of the most significant symbols throughout American history. Even through it is now one of the world’s great icons of freedom, the Liberty Bell wasn’t always so symbolic. At the beginning, the bell was only used to call the Pennsylvania assembly to meetings, just like a normal town bell.Many people think the story of the liberty bell started with it ringing to annou nce the Declaration of Independence on Fourth of July; however, the truth is, the bell did not ring until the eighth of July, the day when they called Philadelphians together for the first public reading of Declaration of Independence by Colonel John Nixon. The Declaration of Independence was an announcement that the thirteen American Colonies were at war with Great Britain as independent states and no longer a part of British Empire.The Declaration states, â€Å"When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. † I have found that there is much knowledge to be learned from the Declaration of Independence.It taught me think that all men are created equal, and all men have the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness that was given by God. The Declaration of Independence shows that American people have suffered too much from the British Empire, and the American people do not want slavery, but liberty. It is for that reason that they rang the Liberty Bell on July 4th 1776. Many people may have noticed that the huge crack on the Liberty Bell. Because of it, this two-thousand-pound mass of unstable metal nearly ended up being garbage.There are various storys about how the bell was cracked. For instance, an eighty-six-year-old man told the New-York Times in 1911 that he cracked the bell in 1835 – he would have been 10 years old at that time! Among the numerous versions of the tales of the cracking bell, the most reputable and famous account is that the bell cracked when Philadelphia’s city government rung the bell on Washington’s Birthday in 1843. Luckily, instead of being forg otten and abandoned by the world because the loss of its voice, the liberty bell gradually became a priceless and great national treasure. . Liberty Bell travels around the United States between 1885-1915. After the Liberty Bell was no longer used as working bell, especially in the years after the Civil War, it started its patriotic trips that involved itself in many obscure events in American history. It traveled by rail car around the United States, and was also placed on exhibit at numerous World’s Fairs. From 1885 to 1915, the Liberty Bell traveled by rail on seven separate trips to eight different World’s Fair exhibitions, visiting nearly 400 cities and towns on those trips from coast to coast.Here are some of the major cities and events that the Liberty Bell has traveled to. Year| Major Events and Places| 1885| To New Orleans for the World’s Industrial and Exposition. | 1893| To Chicago for the World/s Columbian Exposition. | 1895| To Atlanta for the Cotto n States and International Exposition. | 1902| To Charleston for the South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition| 1903| To Boston for the Bunker Hill Monument anniversary. | 1905| To St. Louis for the Louisiana Purchase International Exposition| 1915| To San Francisco for the Panama-Pacific Exposition. Are you wondering how large the influence of the Liberty Bell is? This was how New York Times reported the New-Orleans Exposition before Liberty Bell went to New-Orleans on December 17, 1884: â€Å"This has been a day of nerveless reaction after the great strain of opening day, there were but very few visitors to the grounds, not a thousand. † Everything was changed after the Liberty Bell came to the New-Orleans Exposition. January 26th, 1885, was a great day for the New-Orleans World’s Industrial and Cotton Exposition, and for New Orleans citizens.Because â€Å"extensive preparations had been made for the reception of the Liberty Bell from Philadelphia,† the New York Times proudly announced their venerable guest on Jan 27, 1885. Large numbers of citizens of New Orleans and Philadelphia met the Liberty Bell train at that point, surging forward to touch and kiss the bell. Salutes were fired, whistles blown, and flags were displayed on the exhibit with patriotic music. After the Liberty Bell was installed, it attracted visitors’ attention for nearly five months, achieving an iconic status.Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. Figure [ 2 ] The Liberty Bell is placed on a truck in Philadelphia to be transported to the train. On the last of its seven trips, the Liberty Bell was moved to the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, 1915, when the world had just been set afire by World War I. Nevertheless, the horrible World War I did not affect the enthusiasm of Californian people wanting to see the Liberty Bell.In fact, when the organizers of Panama-Pacific Internatio nal Exposition asked Philadelphia city officials to send the Liberty Bell to the Exposition, the city officials denied the request because they were afraid the big crack on the Bell would get larger during its travels and eventually the Bell would fall apart. However, the Philadelphians changed their mind after two hundred thousand Californian schoolchildren signed petitions begging Philadelphia to send the bell. A journalist in San Diego said that â€Å"there is not a single person in any state of the union who does not feel a personal interest in the bell. After the Panama-Pacific International Exposition ended at December 4th 1915, the exposition officials returned the bell and wrote, â€Å"You will be pleased to know that while the Liberty Bell was here in San Francisco, eight million people came to see it! † Even nowadays, several millions people visit the Independence Hall each year, pondering the meaning of the Liberty Bell. Figure 3 Route from home to San Francisco ( right end is Philadelphia, San Francisco at the left end)Even though some people think that other symbols such as the American flag, the Statue of Liberty, and the Uncle Sam draw more attention than Liberty Bell, the Liberty Bell still played a huge important role in the construction of American nationalism. During this travel to world’s fairs and exhibitions, â€Å"the Liberty Bell joined the array of American symbols that excited patriotic enthusiasm during this period in United States history, a time marked by regional reconciliation, high immigration, economic transition, and imperial expansion. â€Å"In its travels, the Liberty Bell did not lose its identity as a historic relic. Actually, the Liberty Bell became something more. † Instead of Philadelphians and other visitors going to Independence Hall in Philadelphia to experience the Liberty Bell, other Americans can also see the Bell at the center of lively hometown festivities. The trips of the Liberty Bell gav e wide public attention to each city and town where the liberty train stopped, so civilians were well prepared to welcome their historic guest.People brought their children from miles away to see the Liberty Bell, to hear its patriotic tunes, to reach out and touch it, and to stage ceremonies in the hopes that their children would long remember its national glory. Because of these travels, Americans beyond Philadelphia had a chance to enhance the relic’s reputation. Postage stamps are not just small pieces of paper. Their pictures are not chosen randomly, they are chosen to present certain thoughts or feelings that a nation wants to project to people. I believe there are reasons USPS (United States Postal Service) made this Forever Liberty Bell stamp. The Liberty Bell is an icon that resonates for freedom and independence for all of America, and those are exactly the qualities we want people to associate with the Forever stamp,† said Michael Plunkett, Acting Vice Presid ent of Pricing and Classification for the U. S. Postal Service. The Liberty Bell is definitely a national treasure, something that American people would be truly proud of and remember forever by the people and history. Who said nothing lasts forever? The Forever Liberty Bell stamp and the Liberty Bell do. Reference:Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148,155, PP151-152, P181. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. PP. 11, 12, 34-35 John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 Lyoyd de Vries , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Phil adelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 Figure 1: August 22, 2008, National Postal Museum http://arago. si. edu/index. asp? con=2&cmd=1&id=218791&img=1&pg=1 Figure 2: 1915. Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop04. htm Figure 3:1915, Independence Hall Association http://www. ushistory. org/libertybell/essay/stop03. htm ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Gary B. Nash (2010), The Liberty Bell, Yale University press. P. 11 [ 2 ].Gary B. Nash P. 11 [ 3 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P. 155 [ 4 ]. Espie Estrella, Famous Bells of the World, About. com [ 5 ]. John Ficher, The Liberty Bell’s Journey – Humble Beginnings. Philadelphia About. com [ 6 ]. Charlene Mires P. 148 [ 7 ]. Harcourt, Brace( 1922), The Declaration o f Independence, Carl Lotus Becker press. P. 6 [ 8 ]. Thomas Jefferson(1776), United States Declaration of Independence. [ 9 ]. Gary B. Nash . PP 33-34 [ 10 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 11 ]. Charlene Mires PP. 151-152 [ 12 ].New-Orleans Exposition: A Rainy and Quite Day—Philadelphia To Send The Liberty Bell. (1884, December 18). New York Times(1858-1922), P. 1 [ 13 ]. The Liberty Bell At New –Orleans. (1885, January 27). New York Times (1857-1922), P. 2 [ 14 ]. John O’Brien, (2007), Our Liberty Bell, Henry Jonas Magaziner, P. 25 [ 15 ]. Gary B. Nash P. 12 [ 16 ]. John O’Brien P. 25 [ 17 ]. Charlene Mires (2002), Independence Hall in American Memory Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. P148. [ 18 ]. Charlene P. 181 [ 19 ]. Lyoyd de Vries, , In Stamps, The Liberty Bell is Forever; (February 11, 2009). CBSNEWS

How to Manage International Joint Venture Successfully Essay

There is serious increase in the number of organisations seeking to operate in today’s highly competitive global markets with sustainable competitive advantage. (Taylor, 2004; Ernst & Halevy, 2004). In order to achieve this international expansion, companies use different market entry strategies. Earlier study on IJVs reveals that international joint ventures are the most common means of internationalization (Ernst & Halevy, 2004). This paper shall present a review solution on how to achieve successful IJV alliance In general, international joint venture (IJV) is an equity sharing arrangement between a local firm and a foreign cooperation (government or private) coming together by putting all necessary resources together, sharing risk and operational controls to operate as one independent business entity to accelerate profit and growth or in order to achieve some strategic goals. (Craig C. Julian. 2000). In most IJVs, two companies merge together for the matter of ease and con venience, the two companies involve become the parent of the organization that surface from the merger (Geringer & Hebert, 1989). But there are situations where more than two companies form IJV, this is true in cases where already merged companies try to merge with other bigger companies to establish a single organisation â€Å"T0o compete in an international business environment, firms are forming joint ventures as a mechanism for the enhancement of global competitiveness.† (Cyr, 1995)† IJV can aid an organisation in achieving their business objectives in hostile and uncertain markets (Miller et al., 2007). Clayton-Smith (2012). Suggest that IJV â€Å"offer a great opportunity for multinational businesses to facilitate growth, to gain skill, capabilities, market access, etc.† (For example businesses can cut cost and boost growth by using the same human resources, deliver services with the same computing facilities and even share office infrastructures). IJV comes with many benefits, Kumar &Pavan (2012) describe benefits of IJV to an extent, that is, when companies partner together, they pro vide themselves strength, capacity and expertise to conquer new geographical markets, expand their product portfolio and also for diversification. There are few success stories associated with IJV, (Xerox &Fuji) decade of stormy partnership has survived well, with both companies praising their success on IJV alliance IJV alliances over the past decade have shown a promising future (Kumar&Pavan, 2012). Earlier research on IJV growth and risks by KPMG supports Kumar &Pavan (2012) claims. In (2005), A KPMG finding showed that 64% of US companies will opt for IJV alliances, and Also 52% decided to create a new alliance within two years. Various studies on IJV partnership showed a very optimistic future. Vast majority of executive’s reports show that their IJV alliance has generated about 40% in their annual revenue, Most times, IJVs are created so as to gain access into hostile and uncertain markets (Abroad), which might not be possible otherwise. Definitely two heads working together are better than one, in the same philosophy; two companies would work better than one. Obviously, there will be more resources available when you have two or more companies merged together This optimism of IJVs comes with huge risk, IJVs suffer from several draw backs, these draw backs are the primary reason behind the failure of a large number of IJV partnerships. Research by Kalmbach & Roussel (1999) reveals that 80% of IJVs have failed and only 20% were successful. Another similar study by Neal R. Goodman (2011) estimated 50 to 70 percent failure in International Joint Venture. Matthews (2001). produced a great piece of literature on the reasons behind the failure of IJVs, Matthews (2001) stated the following as defining characteristics of IJVs, â€Å"IJVs need strategic objectives, IJVs are full of management problems, IJVs need to adopt a viable organisation form, IJVs are always transitional structures You have to inject stability into IJVs- it is not there naturally† These characteristics can serve as possible drawbacks of IJVs. Hence giving room for criticism We can shuffle out some vital points from the above mentioned characteristics. The most important one of them is the â€Å"difficulty at the level of operation†. The concept of power control from multiple firms creates troubles and as a result affects the administration of the organisation. Before a merger, each company operate differently with their own set of policies, methods and strategies, when they merge and these fundamentals clash, it might result to problems within the organisation such inter- Organisational issues need serious attention and need to be dealt with in order for the venture to last. So, IJVs can serve as a backbone of organisational problems. These problems can as well cripple the growth of the organisation. Sometimes IJV fails due to the collaboration, culture, structured plans, control procedures, financial and legal mechanisms, and consensus management agreements in place (M.Nixon et al., 2012). Many of the Case Studies on IJV all tend to point to conflicts with vision ,trust, corruption , leadership struggles between both firms and as a result of this, troubles begins to fly in the face of IJV success, Typically. The company with the most shares in any IJV set up tend to have the highest form of authority or sometimes it is decided by voting, these are the methods used in setting up the management of the organisation in most cases. However this can be quite problematic in situations where companies involve have equal shares or even when one company has the minority. Proper representation of each company’s ideals and policies is off course a difficult job it becomes more difficult when the companies involve wide cultural differences. Failure to understand the ethics, values and norms of each other result to IJVs failure. Furthermore, Stability is always not associated with IJVs as it is very difficult to sustain stability in a venture. Many academics associate IJVs with a lifecycle, It is said that any organisation comprising of many different firms tends to be unstable short lived, Multiple firms forming an organization impart this inherent stability simply because of the variation in their individual nature, their culture, their role and their attitude. These cultural issues that adhere to IJV remain a major concern for an effective IJV collaboration. After a serious pounder on the drawbacks of IJVs, There are quite a few theories in place that can help achieve a successful IJV partnership. Kumar&Pavan (2012) defines collaborative strategy as the essential supporting structure for building successful alliances. According to Kumar&Pavan (2012), â€Å"collaborative strategy defines the factors the companies need to look at before forming a Joint Venture alliance. The following are the ‘Golden rules of partnership success’ as given by Cyr (1995)- * A balance of trust and self interest * Anticipation of conflicts * Clear definition of strategic leadership * Flexibility * Acceptance of cultural differences at the level of both the national culture and the corporate culture * Orchestration of technology transfer * Learning from the partner’s strengths In other to deal with some of the challenges that face IJVs today, it is very necessary to have a very strong strategic leadership in place, a leadership that is based by rules and procedures. With a stable leadership clearly in place, chances of conflict are minimized. The leader most be able to incorporate all the attitudes and views of both patties into policies and strategies that will help the organization prosper as a single entity Obliviously, when there are two or more companies within the alliance, every individual will be after the interest or profit that emerge from the venture, this is where the second point drift in, which is â€Å"Balance of self interest and trust† even supposing the international joint ventures has a dominant parent company in control, then interest of all companies involved must be kept intact. The companies involve must have a mutual trust in place and at all times be ready to share risk for the benefits of the organisation as a whole. The organisation at all time must be ready to resolve conflict between firms when they arise and also developing long term strategies for the future of the organisation. With trust in place within the organisation, companies tend to adjust to accommodate and have a clear understanding of each other’s nature of business. A clear understanding of each other’s nature of business (culture) can give a useful insight on how to create newer ways of operation in the organisation. In situations where companies come from different countries, National cultured is there to be coped with. Companies may emerge from the same country but different regions with different cultural setups, even in such cases the difference of cooperative culture is still there to be dealt with. Fair enough, this issue of culture difference can positively turn out as innovations in the field by learning from each other’s strength and weaknesses. Flexibility is a key to creating successful joint vent ures. Variation in cultural backgrounds is seen as a threat to the success of IJV, but it is as well considered that, the more the gap between the cooperating countries less is the chance of survival of the IJV (Barkema & Vermeulen, 1997). Adaptation is very important here. Obviously cultural variation can be quite problematic, but at the same time they can be useful when taken as lessons, and when mixed together to derive newer and better strategies of operation, by putting two or more cultures together not only will it boost growth but can also add to the consumer base. There is issue of management too, the management problem happen to be the most troublesome in IJVs, It is not the control that is the problem but the lack of effective communication. One of the industries that excel in IJV venture is the insurance industry, and good communication channel is among all partners is among the characteristics that contribute to the success of insurance IJVs, They try to maintain viable and con sistent internal harmony that is base on rules and procedures. Effective communication must be maintained at all time and throughout decisions making so that policies don’t appear unilateral or one sided More examples of successful IJVs emerge from Hungary where Hungarian companies inherit experience and knowledge from the parent companies. This is true of several companies from Hungary that have partnered with western organisation (Lyles & Salk, 2007). The western companies come in with new and better technology and also better ways of management and production, and this method have worked for the Hungarian companies with them having good results in return. So, it depends on the level of understanding and adaptability between the companies. Information, market and raw materials are mostly the necessary resources that are available during an IJV alliance.Utilization and circulation of these resources depend on the companies involved. However, the company that fails to utilise these resources end up getting terminated from the Venture alli ance. In 1997-98 up to 20000 IJVs deals were sealed in China (Zhang & Rajagopalan, 2002). One characteristic that help all these IJVs survive was that they were all formed under a governmental pressure. In this case, the intervention from government brought about stability within the organisation. Also companies were relieved off the tension of mutual dependencies which made the inter organisational relationships much easier. In this manner Inter partner credible threat was largely reduced. The rise of globalization and emerging economic power houses of Brazil, Russia, India, and China is seeing more new markets created. IJV will play a commanding role for multinational companies looking to partner with domestic businesses in those markets. As this review has shown the history of IJVs has not always been clear cut (it is a very difficult task to build a successful international joint venture alliance). The 80% failure in IJVs (Kalmbach & Roussel 1999) should not scare multinational companies as there are many different ways of facing this challenges that adhere to IJVs. Management and operation of the organisation must be clearly understood and controlled in a proper way and by the most appropriate individuals. All companies must involve in the operation of the organisation. No firm should be excluded in the affairs of the organisation. The companies involved should be open to change and adaptability so as to combine the best they can all offer. If these few aspect are properly practiced the IJV is doomed to survive Clayton-Smith, . (n.d). What makes a successful joint venture?. Available: http://www.growingbusiness.co.uk/how-to-make-your-joint-venture-work.html. Last accessed 10th Dec 2012. T.K. Das, Rajesh Kumar, (2010) â€Å"Interpartner sensemaking in strategic alliances: Managing cultural differences and internal tensions†, Management Decision, Vol. 48 Iss: 1, pp.17 – 36 KPMG International & IESE Business School. (2009). Joint Ventures: A Tool for Growth During the Economic Downturn. Available: http://www.kpmg.com/LU/en/IssuesAndInsights/Articlespublications/Documents/Joint-Ventures-2010.pdf. Last accessed 4th Dec 2012. Killing,P (1983). Strategies for joint venture success. Westport, CT : Praeger Publishers Inc . p13-38. Gomes-Casseres, B. (1997). Competing in Constellations: The Case of Fuji Xerox. Available: http://www.alliancestrategy.com/PDFs/BGC%20Fuji%20Xerox%20%20SnB97.pdf. Last accessed 4th Dec 2012. M I L L E R , R., G L E N, J., S P E R S E N, F., A N N I S K A R M O KO L I A S, A.. (1997). International Joint Ventures in Developing Countries . Available: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1997/03/pdf/miller.pdf. Last accessed 10th Dec 2012. Perkins,S., Morck,R., Yeung, B.. (2008). INNOCENTS ABROAD:THE HAZARDS OF INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURES WITH PYRAMIDAL GROUP FIRMS. Available: http://business.illinois.edu/ba/seminars/2009/perkins_paper.pdf. Last accessed 7th Dec 2012. Gomes-Casseres, B. (2004). Strategy:Managing Beyond the Alliance. Available: http://www.alliancestrategy.com/PDFs/BGC%20AllianceStrategy%20CriticalEYE04.pdf. Last accessed 4th Dec 2012. Girmscheid,G., Brockmann,C.. (n.d). Trust as a Success Factor in International Joint Ventures. Available: http://crgp.stanford.edu/publications/conference_papers/Brockmanntrust.pdf. Last accessed 3d Dec 2012. Ernst, D ., Halevy T . (2005). When to think alliance. Available: http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/When_to_think_alliance_941. Last accessed 4th De 2012.

Gentrification within Chicagoland Area essays

Gentrification within Chicagoland Area essays As my mind matures, I have gained the ability to empirically analyze the drastic levels of social change within inner city neighborhoods. I have developed a concerned with the impacts of housing renewal policies, specifically, those policies which focus on resources on inner urban residential areas, although it is hoped that the discussion has implications for urban policy more generally. Evaluating housing renewal is an increasingly difficult task, but through it, I have understood that my equality of life still remains in development. Many of the articles within the Declaration of Human Rights still question my inclusion of this nation. I say this due to the oppression that remains within my community. It is no longer sufficient to assume that the areas upon which renewal resources are targeted will remain in a poor or declining condition in the absence of intervention. The impacts of renewal are superimposed on increasingly complex patterns of urban change, linked to the shift from an industrial to a 'post-industrial' economy. The seemingly one-way process of decline in inner urban areas through suburbanization and de-urbanization has been reversed in some cases through the process of gentrification. In Chicago, gentrification surrounds the Loop on the north, west, and south sides. South side gentrification is dominated by new developments such as Dearborn Park and other conversions of industrial land along the Chicago River. On the west side, gentrification extends outward from downtown along two corridors: one toward a large medical complex just west of Ashland Avenue and another toward the new United Center. On the north side, reinvestment began initially in Lincoln Park and in areas adjacent to the Gold Coast, but an irregular patchwork has subsequently spread throughout Wrigleyville, River North and other neighborhoods to create a lengthy corridor extending north and west of the Loop. Rehabilit...

Female Knights

Female Knights There are plenty of fierce women who have battled their way through history in politics and warfare. Although from an academic standpoint women could not generally carry the title of knight, there were still many women in European history who were part of chivalric orders and performed the duties of female knights without the formal recognition. Key Takeaways: Female Knights During the Middle Ages, women could not be granted the title of Knight; it was reserved for men only. However, there were many chivalric orders of knighthood that admitted women and female warriors who performed the role.Documented stories of women- primarily high-born- prove that they donned armor and directed troop movement in times of war. Chivalric Orders of Europe The word knight was not just a job title, it was a social ranking. For a man to become a knight, he had to be formally knighted in a ceremony, or receive an accolade of knighthood for exceptional bravery or service, usually in battle. Because neither of these were typically the domains of women, it was rare for a women to carry the title of knight. However, in parts of Europe, there were chivalric orders of knighthood that were open to women. During the early medieval period, a group of devout Christian knights joined together to form the Knights Templar. Their mission was twofold: to protect European travelers on pilgrimage in the Holy Land, but also to carry out secret military operations.  When they finally took the time to write down a list of their rules, around 1129 C.E., their mandates mentioned a pre-existing practice of admitting women to the Knights Templar. In fact, women were permitted as part of the organization during its first 10 years of existence. Lorado / Getty Images A related group, the Teutonic Order, accepted women as Consorores, or Sisters. Their role was an auxiliary one, often related to support and hospital services during times of war, including on the battlefield. In the mid-12th century, Moorish invaders laid the town of Tortosa, Spain, under siege. Because the towns menfolk were already off at battle fighting on another front, it fell to the women of Tortosa to set up defenses. They dressed in mens clothing- which was certainly easier to fight in- picked up weapons, and held their town with an array of swords, farm implements, and hatchets. In the aftermath, Count Ramon Berenguer of Barcelona founded the Order of the Hatchet in their honor. Elias Ashmole wrote in 1672 that the count granted the women of Tortosa numerous privileges and immunities: He also ordained, that at all publick meetings, the  Women  should have precedence of the  Men; That they should be exempted from all Taxes; and that all the Apparel and Jewels, though of never so great value, left by their dead Husbands, should be their own. It is not known whether the women of the Order ever fought in any battles other than defending Tortosa. The group faded into obscurity as its members aged and died out. Women in Warfare During the Middle Ages, women were not raised for battle like their male counterparts, who typically trained for warfare from boyhood. However, that doesnt mean they didnt fight. There are numerous examples of women, both noble and lower-born, who defended their homes, their families, and their nations from attacking outside forces. Margaret of Anjou directed troops during the War of the Roses. Hulton Archive / Getty Images The eight-day siege of Jerusalem in 1187 relied on women for success. Nearly all of the citys fighting men had marched out of town three months earlier, for the Battle of Hattin, leaving Jerusalem unguarded but for a few hastily-knighted boys. The women, however, outnumbered men in the city by nearly 50 to 1, so when Balian, Baron of Ibelin, realized it was time to defend the walls against the invading army of Saladin, he enlisted the female citizens to get to work. Dr. Helena P. Schrader, Ph.D. in History from the University of Hamburg, says that Ibelin would have had to organize these untrained civilians into units, assigning them specific, focused tasks. ... whether it was defending a sector of the wall, putting out fires, or ensuring that the men and women doing the fighting were supplied with water, food and ammunition. Most astonishing, his improvised units not only repulsed assaults, they also sortied out several times, destroying some of Saladin’s siege engines, and two or three times chasing the Saracens all the way back to the palisades of their camp. Nicholaa de la Haye was born in Lincolnshire, England, around 1150, and inherited her fathers land when he died. Married at least twice, Nicholaa was the castellan of Lincoln Castle, her family estate, despite the fact that each of her husbands tried to claim it as their own. When her spouses were away, Nicholaa ran the show. William Longchamps, a chancellor of Richard I, was heading to Nottingham to battle against Prince John, and along the way, he stopped at Lincoln, laying siege to Nicholaas castle. She refused to yield, and commanding 30 knights, 20 men-at-arms, and a few hundred infantrymen, held the castle for 40 days. Longchamps eventually gave up and moved on. She defended her home again a few years later when Prince Louis of France tried to invade Lincoln. Women didnt just show up and perform the duties of knights in defensive mode. There are several accounts of queens who traveled into the field with their armies in times of war. Eleanor of Aquitaine, the Queen of both France and England, led a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She even did it while dressed in armor and carrying a lance, although she didnt personally fight. During the War of the Roses, Marguerite d’Anjou personally directed the actions of Lancastrian commanders during battles against Yorkist opponents while her husband, King Henry VI, was incapacitated by bouts of madness. In fact, in 1460, she defeated the threat to her husband’s throne by calling on the Lancastrian nobility to assemble a mighty host in Yorkshire that ambushed York and killed him and 2,500 of his men outside his ancestral home at Sandal Castle. Finally, its important to note that over the centuries, there were countless other women who donned armor and rode into war. We know this because although medieval European writers documenting the Crusades emphasized the notion that pious Christian women did not fight, the historians of their Muslim opponents wrote of crusading women battling against them. The Persian scholar Imad ad-din al-Isfahani wrote, a woman of high rank arrived by sea in late autumn 1189, with an escort of 500 knights with  their forces, squires, pages and valets. She paid all their expenses and also led them in  raids on the Muslims. He went on to say that there were many female knights among the Christians, who wore armour like the men and fought like men in battle, and could not be told apart from  the men until they were killed and the armour was stripped from their bodies. Although their names have been lost to history, these women did exist, they simply were not granted the title of knight. Sources Ashmole, Elias. â€Å"The Institution, Laws Ceremonies of the Most Noble Order of the Garter Collected and Digested into One Body.†Ã‚  Early English Books Online, The University of Michigan, quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A26024.0001.001?viewtoc.Nicholson, Helen, and Helen Nicholson. â€Å"Women and the Crusades.†Ã‚  Academia.edu, www.academia.edu/7608599/Women_and_the_Crusades.Schrader, Helena P. â€Å"Surrender of Jerusalem to Saladin in 1187.†Ã‚  Defending the Crusader Kingdoms, 1 Jan. 1970, defendingcrusaderkingdoms.blogspot.com/2017/10/surrender-of-jerusalem-to-saladin-in.html.Velde, Francois R. â€Å"Women Knights in the Middle Ages.†Ã‚  Women Knights, www.heraldica.org/topics/orders/wom-kn.htm.

Introduction of tourism management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Introduction of tourism management - Essay Example Based on the issues recognised thereof, recommendations have been provided in the paper so that the industry can adjust with the changes and increase their revenue. In recent years, tourism was witnessed to experience tremendous growth. The growth is so large that the industry is expected to assume position of the fastest growing as well as largest industry worldwide by all measures. Tourism sector experienced strong domestic as well as international growth primarily because it delivers a myriad of several advantages to travellers, tourists and their hosts (Bosselman, Peterson and McCarthy, 1999). Another reason that was determined to be strongly responsible for growth of tourism across the globe is its inherent quality of transecting numerous sectors, interests and business levels within one activity in a comprehensive manner. The economic sectors that enjoy benefits of tourism are hotel industry, transport department, tourist board and operators and government organisations (Cater, 1995). Tourism has gained increasing attention from private and public bodies chiefly because of its contribution as a source of attracting foreign exchange, emplo yment generation, increasing tax revenue and profit generation (Mathieson and Wall, 1982). Despite the economic benefits, tourism is not free from criticisms. Tourism has been blamed by several organisations for environment pollution, excessive resource consumption and adverse impact on a nation’s cultural and social environment (Bosselman, Peterson and McCarthy, 1999). The paper, however, is more focussed on impact of macro and micro environmental factors on growth of tourism. The growth pace of tourism is slowing down because of a number of issues. The face of tourism is also changing as numerous relevant trends are evolving consistently (Cooper, et al., 2008). As tourism has been referred as a commercialised form of hospitality by Cohen (1984), hotel industry is an important dimension of the

Business service management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business service management - Assignment Example On the similar context, ‘Business Service Management’ is considered as a dynamic approach that assists the organisation to support its Information Technology (IT) operations in relation to its business functions (Darmawan & Et. Al., 2004). The paper studies the purpose of Business Service Management with respect to its importance and purposes in the organisations with due consideration to the service concept, customer segmentation and customer expectations and perceptions. Service management can be defined as the management of IT infrastructure including software systems, hardware systems, documentations, communication techniques and facilities, as well as skills which enable the organisation to provide and maintain high quality in their services. Business Service Management can also be considered as the application of service management principles with an intention to enhance the quality of the services provided by the organisation. IT operations are required to maintain proper organisational infrastructure which further supports the systematic functioning of the business as stated in the application of service level agreements (Darmawan & Et. Al., 2004). Business Service Management is dedicated to holistic approach of changing and improving the service function of the organisation with due consideration to service concept, customer segmentation and customer expectations. In addition, Business Service Management helps in measuring and maintaining the service quality provided by the organisation. The main purpose of Business Service Management is to assist in improving operational efficiency in every dimension of the organisation and maintaining the quality of services offered. The major contribution of it can be observed in reducing and controlling the extra incurred expenses by integration and automation procedure (Meyer, 2008). Emergence of IT and its inclusion in the business operation are the smart ways adopted by the organisation to deliver the